This report provides a comprehensive overview of the existing resource sharing and natural resource management (NRM) systems in the Mandera cross-border cluster. The report has been produced within the context of the Cross-Border Community Resilience (CBCR) Activity, alongside the Applied Political Economy Analysis (APEA), Conflict and Climate assessment, labor markets assessment, and social network analysis (SNA) that collectively inform the CBCR’s programming in the Mandera cluster.

Against the backdrop of the Mandera cross-border communities’ heavy reliance on water and land for opportunistic agropastoralism, and the multiple threats these resources face from large-scale infrastructural development, extractive industries and climate change among others, this report explores the resilience of formal and informal natural resources sharing and management systems across the Mandera cluster.

Within this context, the report entails an examination of informal and formal governance structures, mechanisms and arrangements and relevant legislative frameworks, strategies and policies at the national, regional and international levels. Further, the assessment identifies the main gaps in equitable and peaceful resource sharing and NRM including capacity needs at various levels, how arrangements can be strengthened, and how cross-border policies can be harmonized.